\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Aelphi (Aelphi)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (network-6-1-ipv4.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Aelphi (Aelphi))
  /Subject (Network+ | 6.1. IPv4 Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
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\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
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\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
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\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Network+ | 6.1. IPv4 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Aelphi (Aelphi)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/179727/cs/37920/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Aelphi (Aelphi) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/aelphi} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 28th March, 2023.\\
   Updated 28th March, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.36 cm} x{6.64 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Layers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{@Layer2} & btw 2 devices inside own NW or LAN \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{@Layer3} & btw 2 NWs or 2 subnets \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.008 cm} x{2.736 cm} x{2.232 cm} x{1.224 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IPv4}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Notation}} & dotted-decimal | 4x8bits = 32bits &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Subnet mask}} & defines NW proportion (1=NW, 0=host) &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Classes}} & \{\{fa-info\}\} classful mask = default subnet mask &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
- Class {\bf{A}} & {\bf{1-126}} & 255.0.0.0 & /8 \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- Class {\bf{B}} & {\bf{128-191}} & 255.255.0.0 & /16 \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
- Class {\bf{C}} & {\bf{192-223}} & \seqsplit{255.255.255.0} & /24 \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- Class D & 224-239 & n/a & n/a \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 0)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{IP Types}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
- \seqsplit{Routable} & Public IPs purchased and used by ISP &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- \seqsplit{Private} & non routable &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & A & 10.0.0.0/8 & \seqsplit{10.255.255.255/8} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.008 cm} x{2.736 cm} x{2.232 cm} x{1.224 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IPv4 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & B & \seqsplit{172.16.0.0/16} & \seqsplit{172.31.255.255/16} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
 & C & \seqsplit{192.168.0.0/24} & \seqsplit{192.168.255.255/24} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- \seqsplit{Specialized} & 127.x.x.x & loopback adress for local testing &  \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
- \seqsplit{Automatic} & {\emph{APIPA}} & assigned by OS if DHCP u/s &  \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- \seqsplit{Virtual} & VIP(A) & not correlating to any NIC &  \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
 & ex @L7: loadbalancer, failover &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & ex @L3: HSRP {\emph{(Hot StandBy Routing Prot.)}} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.64 cm} x{5.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IPv4 Data flows}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Unicast}} & single destination \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Multicast}} & multi-specific destination \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Broadcast}} & all devices on a network \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.84 cm} x{6.16 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Assignment}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Static}} & simple, time-consuming, prone to error, hard to setup in large scale \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Dynamic}} & quick, easy, scalable \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Content}} & IP adress, subnet mask, default GW, DNS server (or WINS) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{TTL}} & time for which an IP is leased to a host. After, IP is given back to IP pool \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{APIPA}} & IP self-assigned in case of DHCP unavailable, from the network {\bf{169.254.0.0}}/16 \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{ZeroConf}} & idem but more recent, using mDNS and DNS-SD \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Subnet masks and available IPs}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/aelphi_1680037027_subnetting.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Subnetting}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Purpose}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{How}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Calculation}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{IP}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Mask}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{256-{\bf{248}} = {\bf{8 }}hots/subnet | 180\%{\bf{8}} = {\bf{4}} | 180-{\bf{4}} = {\bf{176}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Subnet}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{fa-bolt\}\} {\emph{the next subnet is 176+{\bf{8}}=184}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Brdcst}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{1st IP}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Last IP}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}