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% Document Info
\author{ACD Marketing Team (ACD Marketing)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (lncrna-somatic-mutations-and-gene-fusion-in-cancer.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ACD Marketing Team (ACD Marketing))
  /Subject (lncRNA, Somatic Mutations \& Gene Fusion in Cancer Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{lncRNA, Somatic Mutations \& Gene Fusion in Cancer Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ACD Marketing Team (ACD Marketing)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/36805/cs/11905/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ACD Marketing Team (ACD Marketing) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/acd-marketing} \\
        \uline{\seqsplit{www}.acdbio.com}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 24th May, 2017.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{lncRNA in Cancer}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Facts on long non-coding RNA}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Non-protein coding RNA molecules \textgreater{}200nt in length} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Can be oncogenic or tumor-suppressive by either inhibiting growth suppressors or targeting growth promoters} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Can be upregulated or downregulated in cancer - Majority are upregulated due to their low expression under normal conditions} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Exhibit a high degree of tissue- and disease-specificity, making them an ideal candidate for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Often expressed in a spatial, temporal, and tissue-specific pattern} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{lncRNA Biomarkers}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Important lncRNA Biomarkers in Cancer}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Prostate Cancer:}} \{\{nl\}\}PCA3, SChLAP1, PCGEM1, PCAT1, DLEU1, PCAT14} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Breast Cancer:}} \{\{nl\}\}HOTAIR, MALAT1, H19, XIST, NEAT1, ZFAS1, LINK-A} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Lung Cancer:}} \{\{nl\}\}MALAT1, NEAT1, UCA1, HOTAIR,} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{circRNA in Cancer}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{CircRNAs are a novel type of RNAs. Over 30,000 circRNAs have already been found. Owing to their unique structure, they are more stable than linear RNAs. CircRNAs play important roles in the carcinogenesis of cancer. Similar as splice variants they can be detected with BaseScope.% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Somatic Mutations}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Identification of {\bf{somatic mutations}} in tumors is becoming increasingly important for patient selection for targeted therapies.  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
High-throughput sequencing (RNAseq) technologies allow for comprehensive mutation-profiling, however:  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
- Do not permit assessment of {\bf{intratumoral heterogeneity}} or the association of genetic alterations with cellular morphology \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
- DNA mutational status {\bf{does not predict expression of the mutant allele}}, which may provide information connecting genotype to phenotype \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 3)
{\bf{Solution:}} Detection of point mutations by Basescope is currently available {\bf{only}} through ACD's pharma assay services. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 3)
{\bf{Example:}} BRAF V600E data% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intertumour and Intratumour heterogeneity}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gene Fusions}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Traditionally, gene fusion events are detected by {\bf{DNA fluorescent}} {\emph{in situ}} hybridization (DNA FISH) methods. However, these can be laborious with {\bf{complex workflows (2 days assay)}} and do not provide information on the transcriptional activity of the fused genes.  \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 6)
BaseScope provides an alternative chromogenic method for the detection of specific {\bf{junctional sequences}} created by gene fusions because it can provide single cell level detection of {\bf{fusion transcripts with specific cell localization.}} Furthermore, this assay can easily be performed in histology labs on routinely available FFPE samples, and results can be obtained rapidly since the assay can be performed in {\bf{one day}} and reviewed under the light microscope. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 10)
{\bf{Example:}} The {\bf{CRTC1-MAML2 fusion oncogene}} is typically associated with low-grade tumors and may signify a favorable prognosis in cases of mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) - data available% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
} \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}