\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Abdul Manan (Abdul Manan)} \pdfinfo{ /Title (chemical-coordination.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Abdul Manan (Abdul Manan)) /Subject (Chemical Coordination Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{E8104A} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{FDF0F3} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Chemical Coordination Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Abdul Manan (Abdul Manan)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/204478/cs/43601/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Abdul Manan (Abdul Manan) \\ \uline{cheatography.com/abdul-manan} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 8th June, 2024.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{4} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Terms}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Certain chemicals are involved in communications,which are neurotransmitters,Pheromones \& hormones} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Neurotransmitters: Chemical messanger between neurons} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Pheromones: Chemicals secreted by an organism in minute amounts to stimulate particular reaction from another organism of the same species.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\seqsplit{Hormone(Gr.Hormon:Excite):} chemical messenger that is secreted by specialized tissues called glands,that is transported in the blood stream.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3 primary chemical categories of hormones are:} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1.Peptide and Protein hormones (short chain amino acid hormones and long chain amino acid hormones} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Peptide hormones example ADH and Protein hormones example Growth hormone \& Insulin} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2.Amino acid derivate hormones 3.Steroid hormones} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Hormones may be categorized as hydrophilic (polar) or protein nature hormones \& lipophilic (non-polar) steroid and thyroid hormones.} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hypothalamus}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Part of brain that contains clusters of specialized cells called neurosecretory cells} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A set of neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus exerts control over the anterior pituitary lobe by secreting 2 kinds of hormones into the blood releasing hormones make the anterior pituitary lobe to secrete its hormones} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus make the anterior pituitary lobe stop secreting hormone.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Another set of neurosecretory cells produce 2 hormones ADH \& Oxytocin which are stored and secreted from posterior pituitary glands} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Releasing and inhibiting hormones of hypothalamus, TRH,CRH,GnRH,GHRH,GHIH,PIH,MIH.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pituitary Gland}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Also known as hypophysis,is a pea sized gland.} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Consists of 2 distinct lobes or parts} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1.Adenohypophysis: appears glandular \& also called anterior pituitary lobe} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2.Neurohypophysis: appears fibrous \& also called posterior pituitary lobe} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Anterior pituitary: independent endocrine gland.Produces at least 7 essential hormones.Several hormones of anterior pituitary are collectively termed as tropic hormones or tropin} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 4) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1.ACTH: Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroids} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2.Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH): Stimulate the synthesis and dispersion of melanin pigment in the skin.} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3.Growth hormone (GH) OR Somatotropic hormone (STH): The growth of muscles, bone and other tissues.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{4.Prolactin: Stimulate the mammary glands to produce milk.} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{5.Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH): Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxin.} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{6.Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulate gonads (testes/ovaries) for production of steroid hormone estrogen and progesterone from ovaries and testosterone from testes.} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 4) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{7.Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH): Stimulate development of ovarian follicles in females. In males it is required for the development of sperm. FSH and LH are called gonadotropins (GnTH) because they stimulate the activities of the male and female gonads.} \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 6) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pituitary Gland (cont)}} \tn % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Posterior pituitary gland: the hormones released from here are actually stored secretion of hypothalamus,ADH \& Oxytocin} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{ADH literally means hormone that prevents urination helps prevent dehydration.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Oxytocin has 2 physiological effects;it stimulates uterine contractions during labour \& stimulates breast tissue contractions to promote lactation after childbirth.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Thyroid galnd}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Located at the base of neck in front of tracheae.} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Comprised of 2 lobes \& isthmus that binds them together.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Produce 3 major hormones: T3,T4 or thyroxin \& Calcitonin.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Thyroxin contains 4 atoms of iodine, secreted in greater amount but is less potent than T3.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Thyroxin release is stimulated by TSH from anterior pituitary,which in turn is stimulated by releasing hormone from hypothalamus TRH.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Excessive secretion of thyroid hormone known as hypothyroidism} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Children born with hypothyroidism are stunted in their growth and suffer severe intellectual disability,a condition called cretinism} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Shortage of thyroid hormones is an enlargement of thyroid called goiter.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parathyroid gland}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{4 small glands attached to the back of thyroid gland.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Hormone produced by parathyroid is a peptide hormone called parathormone or parathyroid hormone} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pancreas}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Located adjacent to the stomach} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Performs both endocrine and exocrine functions} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Endocrine cells make up only 2\% of the weight of the pancreas,rest of the organ is exocrine tissues} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{In 1869,a German medical student student named Paul Langerhans described some unusual clusters of cells scattered throughout the pancreas,these clusters came to be called Islets of Langerhans.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete 2 hormones directly into the circulatory system.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Each islet has a population of alpha cells,which secrete the peptide hormone glucogon.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Population of beta cells which secrete the peptide hormone insulin.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Insulin \& Glucogon are antagonistic hormones that regulate the concentration of glucose in the blood.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Defect in insulin production,release or reception by target cells result in diabetes mellitus} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Diabetes mellitus: condition in which blood glucose levels are high and fluctuate wildly with sugar intake.} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 3) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Diabetes type -1: autoimmune disorder i-e the immune system attacks and destroys its own beta cells.} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Diabetes type 2: Associated with genetic history,obesity,stress,lack of exercise and old age} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adrenal gland}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Located just above each kidney} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Each adrenal gland is composed to an inner portion,the adrenal medulla \& an outer portion the adrenal cortex} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Adrenal medulla: produce 2 hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) \& nor epinephrine (nor adrenaline) in response to stress.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Adrenal cortex : all hormones from it are steroids and referred collectively as corticosteroids.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Many corticosteroids have been isolated from the adrenal cortex,the 3 main types are glucocorticoids such as cortisol,and the mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone \& Androgen} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 4) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Over secretion of cortisol cause Cushing's syndrome (Hypercortisolism)} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Low secretions of adrenal cortex hormone cause Addison's disease} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Aldosterone: helps to regulate mineral balance.} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Androgen: sex hormone,similar to testosterone present in both male \& female bodies.} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gonads}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Produce and secrete 3 major categories of steroid hormones,a testosterone,estrogen \& progesterone.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{All 3 types are found in both males and females but in different proportions} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Testes: male gonads produce both sperm \& male sex hormone.FSH stimulates Sertoli cells of testes to facilitate sperm development and LH stimulates Leydig cells of testes to release testosterone} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Ovaries: female gonads,lie in the abdominal cavity produce both egg \& female sex hormones.Ovaries secrete 2 lipophilic hormones estrogen \& progesterone.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Feedback Mechanism}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Chemical coordination or most of bodily functions are regulated by a series of complex feedback mechanism} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Postive feedback mechanism: rare in endocrine system,when release of a hormone initiates action that leads to an additional release of that hormone.Example Oxytocin} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Negative feedback mechanism: one way that endocrine system tries to keep homeostasis (stability) in the body.Example control of blood sugar(glucose) by insulin} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}