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% Document Info
\author{Aahj}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (14-overview-of-cardiovascular-system.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Aahj)
  /Subject (14. Overview of cardiovascular system Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{14. Overview of cardiovascular system Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Aahj} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/179048/cs/37293/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Aahj \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/aahj} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 5th April, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arrangement of CVS {\bf{bold}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heart valves}}  \tn
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TWO AV VALVES & Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves \tn 
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% Row 1
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📍:AT AV JUNCTION & 3 cuspus \tn 
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Prevent back flow into atria after ventricle contraction & Guard the bases of large arteries leaving ventricles \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
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1.Right AV valve: tricuspid 3 cuspus & 📍aorta,pulmonary trunk \tn 
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% Row 4
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2. Left AV valve: mitral valve (bicuspid) & Prevent black flow of blood into the associated ventricles \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A)ventricle {\bf{contract}} and intraventricular pressure Rises blood is pushed against semilunar valves forcing them open} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{B)ventricle {\bf{relax}} and intraventricular pressure falls blood flows back from arteries filling the cusps of semilunar valves \& forcing them close} \tn 
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Walls of arteries and veins are composed of 3 layers & Tunica interna - {\bf{endothelium}} underlain by a {\bf{subendothelial}} layer of {\bf{loose \seqsplit{connective} tissue}} & Tunica media - {\bf{smooth muscle cells}}\& {\bf{elastic fibers}}, \{\{nl\}\} thick in arteries and thin in veins & Tunica externa - largely {\bf{collagen fibers}} \tn 
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\seqsplit{Desmosomes} join cell & Gap junctions: membrane channels: mediate cell-to-cell movement of ions and small metabolites: In the heart, gap junctions: important role in impulse conduction. Directly transmit depolarizing current across the entire heart & Because of these electrical connections the entire myocardium behaves as a single coordinated unit or functional syncytium \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1) blood returning to heart fills atria -\textgreater{}putting pressure on AV valves\textless{}-forcing them open} \tn 
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Striated & Short fast branched interconnected \tn 
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% Row 1
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Each cardiac myocyte contain a single nucleus & Adjacent myocytes interlock at junctions (intercalated discs): contain anchoring desmosomes \& gap junctions \tn 
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% Row 2
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Myocytes composed of sarcomeres: contain thick (myosin) \& \seqsplit{thin(actin)filaments} & Contraction: sliding filament mechanism \tn 
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Largest portion of blood at rest is in systemic veins and venules & Blood \seqsplit{reservoir} & \seqsplit{Venoconstriction} reduces volume of blood in reservoirs and allows greater blood volume to flow into arteries \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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