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% Document Info
\author{24liqinhan}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (unit-4-cell-communication.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (24liqinhan)
  /Subject (Unit 4 Cell Communication Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Unit 4 Cell Communication Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{24liqinhan} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/184795/cs/38626/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}24liqinhan \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/24liqinhan} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 9th December, 2023.\\
   Updated 10th May, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Feedback}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Homeostasis}} & set of conditions under which living things can successfully survive \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Negative feedback/feedback inhibition}} & turning itself off using the end product of the pathway. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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{\bf{positive feedback}} & further stimulates the pathway, for example more and more X is made \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Cell Cycle}}  \tn
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{\bf{G0}} & temporarily nondividing until they get a signal to reenter the normal cell cycle. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Interphase}} (G1, S, G2) & not yet started to divide, regular activities \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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 & {\bf{S phase}}: replicates its genetic material, single chromosome in the nucleus is duplicated. {\bf{sister chromatids}} held by {\bf{centromere}}. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 3
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 & {\bf{G1 and G2}}: growth, performs metabolic reactions and produces organelles, proteins, and enzymes. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
% Row 4
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 & These three phases are highly regulated by checkpoints and special proteins called {\bf{cyclins}} and {\bf{cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)}}. To induce cell cycle progression, an inactive CDK binds a regulatory cyclin, the complex is activated, the cell cycle continues. To inhibit cell cycle progression, CDKs and cyclins are kept separate. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 14)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Cell Cycle (cont)}}  \tn
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 & losing control of the cell cycle, such as mutation in a protein, may cause {\bf{cancer}}.  Mutated genes that induce cancer are called {\bf{oncogenes}}. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Tumor suppressor genes}} produce proteins that prevent the conversion of normal cells into cancer cells, also can trigger apoptosis. \tn 
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{\bf{Mitosis}} & cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells + maintaining the proper number of chromosomes from generation to generation \tn 
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 & 1. {\bf{Prophase}}: chromatin condenses \tn 
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% Row 9
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 & 2. {\bf{Metaphase}}: chromosomes align in the middle. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 10
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 & 3. {\bf{Anaphase}}: chromatids are pulled apart. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 11
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 & 4. {\bf{Telophase}}:  the cell completes splitting in two. {\bf{cytokinesis}}：split along a cleavage furrow（animal)/ cell plate (plant) \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Cell Cycle (cont)}}  \tn
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 & * Mitosis is involved in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction, so not happen in sex cell. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Communication in plants}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{plants do not have a nervous system but can produce several proteins found in animal nervous systems, such as certain neurotransmitter receptors.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{response to environmental stimuli, link environmental cues to biological processes, communicate with nearby plants.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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